Scientists using the James Webb Space Telescope have made an exciting discovery in the search for extraterrestrial life. They have found carbon-bearing molecules within the atmosphere of exoplanet K2-18 b, located about 120 light-years away from Earth. This exoplanet, approximately 8.6 times the size of Earth, orbits within the habitable zone of its parent star, making it potentially suitable for the existence of liquid water.
The discovery of methane and carbon dioxide in K2-18 b’s atmosphere is particularly fascinating, as it suggests the possible presence of a water ocean underneath its hydrogen-rich atmosphere. Furthermore, observations also hint at the existence of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which is primarily produced by marine phytoplankton on Earth and is considered a potential sign of life.
However, despite these promising findings, K2-18 b’s large size and potentially high temperatures could prevent it from sustaining life. Nevertheless, the data obtained from the James Webb Space Telescope using the transit method, in which the exoplanet crosses in front of its star, has provided valuable insights into the composition of the planet’s atmosphere.
The transit method allows scientists to collect atmospheric data and search for specific molecules like carbon dioxide. Compared to previous observations with the Hubble Space Telescope, the James Webb Space Telescope’s more precise data and ability to detect spectral features have allowed researchers to gain a deeper understanding of K2-18 b.
To further investigate this intriguing exoplanet, the researchers are planning additional observations using Webb’s Mid-Infrared Instrument spectrograph. This will allow for a more comprehensive analysis of K2-18 b’s atmosphere and potentially reveal even more information about its composition and potential habitability.
These findings highlight the significance of the James Webb Space Telescope in studying habitable-zone exoplanets and expanding our knowledge of the potential for life beyond Earth. The study’s results have been published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, showcasing the exciting advancements in our understanding of the universe and our place within it.
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